The Evolution of STI Testing (eBook)

The Evolution of STI Testing: A Catalyst for Modern Diagnostic Technologies

References 1. International AIDS Society. (n.d.). Reaching the 95-95-95 targets: The importance of multi-disciplinary perspectives. https://www. iasociety.org/sites/default/files/CPP/IAS-CPP-Key-consider- ations.pdf 2. Alexander, T. S. (2016). Human immunodeficiency virus diag- nostic testing: 30 years of evolution. Clinical and Vaccine Immu- nology, 23 (4), 249-253. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00053-16 3. Brust, S., et al. (2000). Shortening of the diagnostic window with a new combined HIV p24 antigen and anti-HIV-1/2/O screening test. Journal of Virological Methods, 90 (2), 153-165. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0166-0934(00)00229-9 4. Vallefuoco, L., et al. (2016). Fourth-generation assays for HIV testing. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 16 (4), 355-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2016.1179115 5. Whitney, E., et al. (2022). Utility of the signal-to-cutoff ratio and antigen index from fourth- and fifth-generation HIV-1/HIV-2 antigen/antibody assays for the diagnosis of acute HIV infection: Applicability for real-time use for immediate initiation of antiret- roviral therapy. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 60 (12), e0120422. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01204-22 6. Ghosh, M. (2009, May 3). The status of HIV screening and testing . Clinical Lab Products. https://clpmag.com/diag- nostic-technologies/point-of-care/poc-reagents-test-kits/ the-status-of-hiv-screening-and-testing/ 7. Bose, P. (2024, November 29). The evolution of HIV diagnostic testing . News-Medical. Retrieved from https://www.news-med- ical.net/health/The-Evolution-of-HIV-Diagnostic-Testing.aspx 8. Hurt, C. B., et al. (2017). Selecting an HIV test: A narrative review for clinicians and researchers. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 44 (12), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1097/ OLQ.0000000000000719 9. Pai, N. P., et al. (2020). Modern diagnostic technologies for HIV. The Lancet HIV, 7 (8), e574–e581. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2352-3018(20)30190-9

10. Patel, P., et al. (2010). Detecting acute human immunodeficiency virus infection using 3 different screening immunoassays and nucleic acid amplification testing for human immunodeficiency virus RNA, 2006-2008. Arch Intern Med . 170 (1), 66-74. https://doi. org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.445 11. Hans, L., et al. (2021). Early diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 using cobas HIV-1/HIV-2 qualitative test: A novel qualitative nucleic acid amplification test for plasma, serum, and dried blood spot specimens. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 87 (5), 1187–1195. https://doi.org/10.1097/ QAI.0000000000002713 12. Moso, M. A., et al. (2023). Reducing time to new HIV diagnosis: Time for change in the HIV diagnostic algorithm? Pathology, 55 (5), 740–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2022.11.008 13. Australian Sexual Health & HIV (HIV Management) Guide- lines Development Panel. (n.d.). HIV antibody and antigen testing . HIV Management Guide for Clinical Care. https:// hiv.guidelines.org.au/management/virological-tests/ hiv-antibody-and-antigen-testing/ 14. Konrad, B. P., et al. (2017). On the duration of the period between exposure to HIV and detectable infection. Epidemics, 20 , 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2017.03.002. 15. Pai, N. P., et al. (2025). The future of HIV diagnostics: An exemplar in infectious diseases. The Lancet HIV, 12 (7), e522–e531. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(25)00078-5 16. Afzal, M., et al. (2025). Innovative diagnostic approaches and challenges in the management of HIV: Bridging basic science and clinical practice. Life (Basel), 15 (2), 209. https://doi. org/10.3390/life15020209

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