GEN eBook - From Sample to Insight | Precision Oncology

From Sample to Insight: Technologies Driving the Future of Precision Oncology Assays

qPCR’s primary advantages include: • Rapid turnaround (results in hours) • High sensitivity for low-abundance targets (e.g., in liquid biopsy) • Cost-effectiveness and scalability for large screening efforts • Compatibility with automated systems and regulatory pathways Companion diagnostics (CDx) based on PCR have become a cornerstone of precision oncology, enabling the selection of targeted therapies based on the unique genetic profile of a patient’s tumor. These molecular tests are developed alongside specific drugs to identify patients most likely to benefit or, in some cases, those at risk of adverse effects. Regulatory bodies such as the U.S. FDA and EMA often require CDx approval in parallel with the associ- ated therapeutic, as biomarker identification is essential to treatment efficacy. PCR’s widespread adoption in companion diagnostics is largely

due to its proven speed, analytical reliability, and strong regulatory precedent. For example, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), EGFR mutation detection via qPCR guides eligibility for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), while BRAF V600E testing informs BRAF inhibitor use in melanoma. These assays exemplify how CDx can improve outcomes by guiding therapy selection, streamlining clinical decisions, and avoiding ineffective treatments (U.S. FDA, 2024).

Table 1. Examples of FDA-cleared qPCR precision oncology assays used in clinical practice

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